Open-source green energy project

One panel.
Double the energy.
Cleaner air.

A hybrid system that mounts a living algae bioreactor behind a solar panel — producing electricity, growing clean fuel, and absorbing CO₂ from the air, all from the same footprint.

Explore the system How it works
+40%
more energy per m²
27g
CO₂ fixed per m²/day
−12°C
cooler solar panel
$400
DIY build cost

Two technologies,
one structure

Solar panels waste over half their captured sunlight as heat. Algae love exactly that surplus. We simply put them together.

☀️

Sunlight arrives

The sun delivers a full spectrum — ultraviolet, visible light, and infrared heat. Conventional solar panels convert only ~20% of this into electricity and discard the rest as waste heat, raising panel temperature and actually reducing efficiency.

Solar panel converts visible light → electricity

A semi-transparent photovoltaic panel sits at the front. It captures the blue and red wavelengths most efficiently and lets ~20% of light — particularly infrared — pass through to the layer behind it.

🌿

Algae bioreactor absorbs the rest

A flat-plate photobioreactor filled with Chlorella vulgaris is mounted directly behind the panel. The algae feast on the transmitted infrared and diffused light, pulling CO₂ from pumped-in air and growing into energy-rich biomass. The water acts as a cooling jacket, keeping the solar cell 10–15°C cooler than it would otherwise run.

🔋

Dual output: electricity + biomass

The battery stores solar electricity. The algae are periodically harvested for biodiesel, biogas, or fertiliser. An ESP32 microcontroller monitors pH, CO₂, temperature, and light — automatically controlling pumps and alerts over WiFi.

Click any component
to learn its role

Every part of the system has a job. Tap or click below to explore.

👆 Click any highlighted component for details
SUNLIGHT Semi-transparent Solar Panel (PV) 100W · 18–21% efficiency · lets IR pass through electricity MPPT Controller + 12V Battery IR + diffused light Algae Photobioreactor (Flat-plate PBR) Chlorella vulgaris · BG-11 medium · 10–50L · CO₂ in / O₂ out Air Pump CO₂-rich air in O₂ out Clean air Biomass Harvest Biodiesel · biogas · fertiliser Panel Cooling –12°C · +4–7% PV efficiency CO₂ Fixation 15–30g CO₂/m²/day absorbed ESP32 Controller pH · Temp · CO₂ · Lux · Pumps · WiFi MQTT TEG Module Optional 0.5–2W from heat
☀️
Component
Name
Description

What works — and
what to watch out for

Advantages
Dual energy output — electricity from PV and biomass from algae from the same land footprint.
🌿CO₂ capture — microalgae fix roughly 1.8g of CO₂ per gram of biomass produced, scrubbing polluted air.
🌡️Panel cooling — the algae water layer keeps PV cells 10–15°C cooler, recovering 4–7% extra electrical efficiency.
💧Closed-loop water — minimal evaporation compared to open algae ponds. Nearly all water stays in the system.
🏠No land competition — roof-mountable, building-integrated, or balcony-scale. Works at 1m² or 100m².
🌬️Air purification — pumped air passes through algae culture, which absorbs CO₂ and releases pure O₂.
Limitations
🔧Higher complexity — pumps, sensors, and pH management add maintenance overhead compared to a plain solar panel.
💰Higher upfront cost — the full DIY system runs $400–$800 vs ~$150 for a standalone 100W panel.
🧫Algae culture management — pH, temperature, and nutrients need monitoring; a culture crash loses weeks of growth.
🌑Algae shading — a very dense culture can reduce PV output by up to 30%. Density must be managed carefully.
🏭Biomass processing — converting wet algae to usable biodiesel requires centrifuge and drying equipment.
❄️Seasonal limits — algae growth slows significantly below 15°C. Supplemental heating may be needed in cold climates.

Who has already
tested this?

Several leading universities and one full-scale commercial building have run real trials. Here is what they found.

🇩🇪
Fraunhofer ISE, Germany
Building-integrated PBR + PV facade
12-month outdoor trial at 48°N latitude. Flat-plate bioreactors on building facades paired with CdTe solar cells.
+18–28% total energy vs PV alone
🇮🇳
IIT Bombay, India
Prototype in tropical climate
90-day outdoor experiment in Mumbai with Chlorella vulgaris and polycrystalline Si panels. Directly relevant to the Indian subcontinent climate.
+6.8% PV efficiency from cooling
🇳🇱
Wageningen / AlgaePARC
World-class algae production research
Flat-plate PBR outdoor pilot achieving best-in-class biomass yields. PV integration added in 2019–2021.
20–30g dry weight/m²/day
🇺🇸
UCSB / NREL
Semi-transparent OPV over algae
Organic photovoltaic films placed over live algae cultures. Algae growth maintained within 15% of unshaded controls.
Panel temp reduced 7–9°C
🇩🇪
BIQ House, Hamburg
World's first algae building, 2013
15-story residential block with 129 algae facade panels. First and still the largest real-world algae building in operation.
1,700 kg biomass harvested/year
🇮🇹
University of Florence
BIPV algae facade modelling
Modelled and partly prototyped algae-filled glass cladding panels. Significant HVAC energy savings from dynamic shading.
Up to 1kg CO₂/m²/year captured

Why the hybrid
wins on output

Per square metre, the combined system consistently outperforms either technology alone.

1.4
kWh equivalent per m²/day — 40% more than PV alone
100kg
CO₂ absorbed per 10m² system per year
20%
of lipid content in dry algae — ready for biodiesel refining
Daily energy yield (kWh eq. / m²)0 ────────────── 1.5
Standalone PV only
Standalone algae PBR only
Hybrid system (this project)

This project was designed and built by

Nirmalya

Turning sunlight and green life into a cleaner tomorrow.